tangles the exposed coastal cliff edges

Size
Length: climbing stems 3-10 m, Leaves: 0.5-2 cm
Lifespan
15-25 years
Diet
Photosynthesis. Fleshy fruits eaten by birds, which disperse seeds. Leaves may be browsed by livestock but are not preferred. Tolerates salt spray.
Habitat
Coastal cliffs, sand dunes, estuaries, and lowland forest margins. Prefers open, exposed sites with good light. Tolerates salt spray, wind, and poor soils.
Range
North Island, South Island, Chatham Islands, Kermadec Islands. Widespread in coastal and lowland areas from sea level to 600 metres elevation.
Endemism
Endemic
Main Threats
No major threats. Extremely hardy and resilient. May compete with other coastal plants in some settings but not at risk of decline. Controlled in gardens.
Population
Common and widespread, particularly in coastal areas. Populations remain stable. Often used in coastal restoration planting for its hardiness and rapid growth.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
Human Risk
harmless
Handling Note
native ground cover, safe to handle
Conservation Note
Endemic climber; widespread in coastal and lowland habitats throughout New Zealand.
Assessment
NZTCS Vascular Plants (2023)
Te Ao Māori
Pōhuehue applies to several scrambling Muehlenbeckia species. M. complexa was the best known in coastal areas. The flexible stems were used for tying, light weaving, and constructing bird snares. The fruit was eaten occasionally, though not highly prized. The vine's habit of binding sand and stabilising coastal dunes was observed without being systematised. In modern restoration, it is valued for exactly those properties. Gardeners learn to respect its vigour. Conservationists plant it anyway. The vine keeps doing what it has always done – slowly taking over.
This one looks harmless. That is its trick. The leaves are tiny, round, and spaced widely along wiry stems. The whole plant seems delicate, airy, almost decorative. Gardeners plant it on purpose. Then they regret it. Muehlenbeckia complexa scrambles over everything. Rocks, fences, shrubs, buildings. The stems form a dense lattice that birds nest in. Nothing escapes. It does not climb so much as it invades. It sends thin brown runners in every direction. They root where they touch ground. They pull the whole landscape toward a single tangled mass. The flowers are insignificant. Greenish-white, tiny, easily missed. But they lead to clusters of white, fleshy fruit with black seeds inside. Birds eat them. The seeds travel. The vine spreads. Here is where it gets interesting. The stems are so fine that they move in the wind. The leaves are so small that light passes through them. From ten metres away, the whole plant looks like a green cloud hovering above the ground. Up close, it is a snare. Walk into a mature patch and you will understand. The stems catch at clothing. They tangle around ankles. They pull back when you try to step forward. It is not aggressive. It is not even intentional. But it is effective. Coastal areas suit it best. Salt spray does not bother it. Wind does not tear it. Poor soils just slow it down. Nothing stops it. In dunes, it holds the sand. On cliffs, it stabilises the edge. In gardens, it takes over. Same plant. Same behaviour. Different context, different judgement. The wiry stems keep moving. The tiny leaves keep catching light. And the tangled mass keeps spreading. It looks like a doily. It operates like a blanket. No major threats exist. It is extremely hardy and resilient. It may compete with other coastal plants in some settings but is not at risk of decline. It is controlled in gardens for vigour. Populations remain stable. It is often used in coastal restoration planting for its hardiness and rapid growth.