hammered shield lichen with a textured grey surface on rock
- Size
- Width: 5–15 cm
- Lifespan
- 20–100 years
- Diet
- Grows on rocks, boulders, and occasionally bark in exposed, windy locations. Requires clean air, stable rock surfaces, and good light. Tolerates sun, wind, drought, and extreme temperatures.
- Habitat
- Exposed, windy locations from sea level to alpine zone on rocks and boulders, where wind blows, rain falls, and rock is cold and hard.
- Range
- Found throughout the North and South Islands on rocks and boulders in exposed, windy locations. Most common in the South Island high country and the North Island volcanic plateau.
- Endemism
- Native
- Main Threats
- None significant. Localised threats include quarrying of rock outcrops, air pollution, and climate change affecting rock surface conditions.
- Population
- Not Threatened. Common and widespread on rocks in exposed, windy locations from coast to mountains, on native and introduced rock types throughout New Zealand.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
Looks like dented metal. Hammered shield lichen has a flat, leafy, grey body – pale grey to bluish-grey, sometimes with a hint of green. Lobes are broad and rounded, spreading across the rock like a map of a foreign country. But the surface is the story. Covered in a network of raised, white lines and depressed, dark pits – a pattern that looks exactly like hammered metal or wrinkled leather. The lichen that has been beaten into shape.
What makes it special is the texture. One of the most distinctive lichens in New Zealand. The surface is not smooth like the common grey shield. It is wrinkled, pitted, and ridged – a landscape of tiny mountains and valleys. The raised ridges are called pseudocyphellae – tiny breathing holes that appear as white lines. The pits are bare spots where the algal layer is thin. Together, they create a pattern that looks like a thumbprint or hammered copper.
The underside is black and covered in a dense mat of rhizines – tiny, root-like structures that anchor it to the rock. These rhizines are so thick that they form a felt-like pad, gripping the stone with a strength that seems impossible. Try to peel it off and you will fail. The lichen that does not let go.
A partnership – a fungus and an alga living together. It grows slowly – a few millimetres per year – and a large patch may be decades old. The lichen of patience, the one that takes its time.
To find hammered shield lichen is to find dented metal on the rock. Grey, flat, textured – a living pattern on the stone. Run your finger over it and feel the ridges, the pits, the hammered surface. The lichen of the boulder, the one that looks like it has been beaten into shape.