lies on the foveaux strait sand flats

Size
Shell: 8–12 cm
Lifespan
10–20 years
Diet
Filter-feeder: consumes plankton, algae and organic particles from water column. Attaches to rocky reefs and seabed in subtidal waters from 10-50 metres depth.
Habitat
Subtidal sand and mud flats from 10 to 50 metres deep. Most common in Foveaux Strait, Coromandel and Marlborough Sounds.
Range
Subtidal waters of Foveaux Strait, Coromandel and Marlborough Sounds. Most common in Foveaux Strait where largest wild population remains. Once widespread but now restricted to few locations.
Endemism
Endemic
Main Threats
Overfishing and disease (Bonamia) are primary threats. Wild populations collapsed in 20th century due to overharvesting and have never fully recovered. Now strictly managed with catch limits and area closures.
Population
Not Threatened, but Foveaux Strait fishery is carefully managed. Native oysters were once much more widespread, but overfishing and disease have reduced their range. Now found in few specific locations.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
Human Risk
caution
Handling Note
sharp shells cause cuts, wear gloves when harvesting
Conservation Note
Endemic mollusc; commercially harvested and managed under the Quota Management System rather than NZTCS.
Te Ao Māori
The Tio is the Māori name for oyster, used for both native and introduced species. The native oyster was a traditional food source, harvested from the deep waters of the harbours and sounds. Today, it is the oyster of the south, a small, sweet, flat bivalve that survives in the cold, clean water of Foveaux Strait, a living link to the New Zealand of the past.
It is not the Pacific oyster. The smaller, flatter, sweeter cousin of the Pacific oyster. An oyster that tastes like history. The native oyster has a smooth, pale grey shell with a distinctive wavy edge. The two shells are both shallowly cupped, giving the oyster a flatter profile. The inside of the shell is a pearly white-grey, with a small, dark muscle scar. They are much smaller than Pacific oysters, rarely growing larger than a 50-cent piece. An oyster that is easy to overlook. These animals are the slow-growing, deep-water bivalves of the southern coast. They live in subtidal sand and mud flats, often in dense beds. They are filter-feeders, drawing water in through their gills, filtering out plankton and expelling the clean water. They grow slowly, taking up to five years to reach harvest size. They are highly sensitive to disease and overfishing. The reproductive cycle is unusual for oysters. Native oysters are larviparous, meaning they brood their eggs inside their shells until they hatch into swimming larvae. The larvae then drift with the currents for several weeks before settling onto the seabed and attaching permanently. Native oysters are the forgotten oyster of New Zealand. They were once common throughout the country, harvested by Māori and early European settlers. Today, they are a rare treat, found only in a few specific locations. The Foveaux Strait population is the last remaining stronghold. To eat a native oyster is to eat history. The Foveaux Strait is cold. The oyster sits on the seabed, flat and small, filtering water. It takes five years to reach harvest size. It does not know it is a relic. It does not know it is the last of its kind. It just wants to filter water.