the slow whale returning to calve in NZ's bays

Size
Length: 1500–1800 cm, Weight: 40,000–60,000 kg
Lifespan
50–70 years
Diet
Carnivorous. Feeds on krill and small crustaceans. Uses baleen plates to filter prey from vast mouthfuls of water. A slow-moving, coastal whale that was heavily targeted by whalers because it floated when killed.
Habitat
Coastal waters and sheltered bays. Winter visitors of the New Zealand shoreline, migrating from the subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands to the South Island, and increasingly the North Island, to calve and rest in shallow, temperate nurseries.
Range
Worldwide. In New Zealand, found in coastal waters and sheltered bays, particularly around the South Island (Otago, Canterbury, Marlborough) and increasingly the North Island (Wellington, Hawke's Bay).
Endemism
Native
Main Threats
Ship strikes, entanglement in fishing gear, and ocean noise pollution. Classified as Nationally Vulnerable in New Zealand waters. Recovering from the brink of extinction, but their slow reproductive rate and preference for busy coastal waters keep them precarious.
Population
Recovering from the brink of extinction, but their slow reproductive rate and preference for busy coastal waters keep them precarious. Ship strikes and noise pollution remain significant threats to the growing population.
Conservation Status
Nationally Vulnerable
A titan built for the slow lane of the ocean. Unlike the sleek, high-speed blue or humpback whales, the tohorā is massive, rotund, and exceptionally buoyant. It earned its English name because it was considered the right whale to hunt. It swam slowly, stayed close to the shore, and, most fatally, floated when killed due to its immense blubber layer. Physically, it is unmistakable. It lacks a dorsal fin, leaving its broad, black back smooth as it breaks the surface. Its most striking feature is its head, which is covered in callosities, rough, white patches of thickened skin. These patches are unique to every individual, like a fingerprint, and are actually home to thousands of tiny whale lice (cyamids) that live out their entire lives on the whale's face. The tohorā is a specialist of the shallows. During the winter months, females seek out calm, sandy-bottomed bays to give birth. They are so comfortable in shallow water that they can often be seen resting just a few dozen metres from the beach, their massive tails (flukes) occasionally lifting out of the water in a behaviour known as sailing. Unlike other whales that lunge-feed, the tohorā is a skimmer. It swims slowly through patches of copepods and krill with its mouth open, using its long, fine baleen plates to filter out tiny organisms. This calm, methodical lifestyle allowed them to be easily observed by early Māori and, later, easily decimated by shore-based whalers. By the early 20th century, the New Zealand population had been reduced from tens of thousands to perhaps fewer than thirty breeding females. The recovery of the tohorā is a testament to the power of total protection. Since whaling was banned, the population centred in the subantarctic islands has grown significantly, and the whales are now exploring their old mainland haunts. We are seeing more frequent sightings in places like the Otago Peninsula, the Marlborough Sounds, and even the Hauraki Gulf. However, this return brings them into direct conflict with modern New Zealand. Because they are slow and spend so much time on the surface in busy shipping lanes, they are highly vulnerable to ship strikes. Their calves are also sensitive to noise pollution from coastal construction and the persistent presence of recreational boats. Protecting the tohorā today is about giving them back the peace and quiet of our bays. When a whale enters a harbour, it is often a mother looking for a safe place to nurse her calf. She is not there for a show, but for survival. Regulations now mandate a fifty-metre distance for vessels (and two hundred metres for mother-calf pairs), a vital buffer zone for a species that is still very much in the intensive care unit of conservation. To see a tohorā in a New Zealand bay is to see a living monument to resilience. They are the grandmothers of the deep, moving with a heavy, ancient grace, reminding us that the right way to treat a whale is to simply let it be.