redback spider with a warning stripe on her back

Size
Length: 1 cm
Lifespan
2–3 years
Diet
Predatory: feeds on insects including cockroaches, flies, moths and other spiders caught in its tangled web. Builds messy, irregular web in dry, sheltered locations. Venom dangerous to humans but antivenom available.
Habitat
Dry and dusty corners of human civilisation. Most frequently found in woodpiles, garden sheds, under toilet seats in outhouses, and nestled within structural gaps of brickwork or discarded machinery.
Range
Drier regions of North Island and northern South Island including Northland, Auckland, Hawkes Bay and Central Otago. Most common in urban and semi-urban areas where dry, sheltered sites are abundant.
Endemism
Introduced
Main Threats
None. This introduced species is established in drier regions. Faces no threats and is controlled as a pest where it poses risk to humans. Populations may be expanding range as climate warms.
Population
Native to Australia, first detected in Central Otago in 1980s. While they have established small, persistent colonies in drier regions like New Plymouth and Hawke's Bay, they haven't managed the total takeover seen by their white-tailed cousins.
Conservation Status
Introduced
The heavyweight toxicologist of the New Zealand urban garden. A spider with a red stripe and a bad reputation. The redback spider is a master of neurotoxic defence and architectural chaos. Their anatomy is defined by the striking red racing stripe on the pea-sized abdomen of the female, a high-visibility advertisement for a potent chemical deterrent. A spider that warns before it bites. Unlike the wandering hunters, the redback is a committed architect, weaving messy, tangled webs with high-tension trip-lines strong enough to snag small lizards. This sit-and-wait strategy represents a state of resourceful industry, where the spider hangs upside down in its sticky fortress, monitoring vibrations for the signal that dinner has arrived. The life cycle involves sexual cannibalism where the smaller male ensures the female has the energy to produce cream-coloured, marble-like egg sacs. Each sac can contain up to 250 spiderlings, though New Zealand's temperamental winters act as a natural population control, preventing the massive outbreaks seen across the Tasman. The female is the dangerous one. The male is much smaller and less venomous. He approaches the female with caution, tapping her web to signal his intent. If she is receptive, he mates with her and then often becomes her next meal. This existence is a masterclass in fierce defence, particularly when protecting the subterranean hoard of eggs within a garden shed or letterbox. The garden shed is dark. The redback hangs upside down, red stripe bright, waiting. The male approaches cautiously. He taps the web. She accepts. He mates. She eats him. She does not know she is a villain. She does not know she is a toxicologist. She just wants to protect her eggs. The shed is hers. The red stripe is a warning. It is not a joke.