non-biting midge swarming at dusk above still water
- Size
- Length: 2–10 mm
- Lifespan
- 1–2 years
- Diet
- Larvae aquatic, feeding on algae, detritus and organic particles. Adults do not bite, may feed on nectar or not feed. Larvae are major food source for fish.
- Habitat
- Everywhere near water: ponds, lakes, streams and damp soil. The cloud dancers of the evening sky, forming swirling swarms that look like smoke.
- Range
- Throughout North and South Islands near ponds, lakes, streams and wetlands. Most common in lowland areas with permanent water bodies and abundant aquatic vegetation.
- Endemism
- Native
- Main Threats
- Water pollution from agricultural runoff and urban development. Sedimentation from land clearance. Habitat loss from drainage of wetlands and ponds.
- Population
- Among the most abundant insects on Earth. New Zealand hosts hundreds of species. Highly tolerant of varying water conditions. Their massive biomass is critical food for fish, birds and bats.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
The imposter of the insect world. A mosquito that does not bite.
The non-biting midge looks exactly like a mosquito: slender body, long legs, delicate wings. It often gathers in clouds so dense they resemble cigarette smoke hovering over a pond. But here is the twist: it does not bite. It does not sting. It does not care about blood. Most adults lack functioning mouthparts entirely. They live on borrowed time and stored energy, existing solely to dance, mate and die within a few days. The ultimate pacifists in a world of vampires. A mosquito that is harmless.
Their larvae, often bright red due to haemoglobin, earn the nickname bloodworms. They live in the mud at the bottom of waterways. This red pigment allows them to survive in low-oxygen environments where other creatures would suffocate. They are the detritivores of the deep, eating slime and decay, and in turn becoming the primary buffet for trout, eels and native fish.
When they emerge as adults, they form mating swarms that move as a single fluid entity, rising and falling like a breathing cloud. A mesmerising display of collective behaviour, a silent ballet performed at dusk.
The pond is still. The midges swarm, a breathing cloud above the water. They do not bite. They cannot bite. They just dance, mate, and die. They do not know they are the engine room of the ecosystem. They do not know they are harmless.
They just want to dance before they die.