survives from ocean floor to mountain

Size
Length: 0.5–5 mm
Lifespan
1 years
Diet
Varies widely: some species are decomposers feeding on bacteria and organic matter others are plant parasites animal parasites or predators.
Habitat
Everywhere: soil, freshwater, marine environments and inside other organisms. The universal survivors, found from the bottom of the ocean to the top of the mountains.
Range
Throughout North and South Islands in soil, fresh water, marine environments and inside other organisms. Present in almost every habitat on Earth.
Endemism
Introduced
Main Threats
None significant. Nematodes are the most abundant animals on Earth and face no conservation threats. Some species are agricultural pests but managed using crop rotation and biological control.
Population
Nematodes are the most abundant animals on Earth. New Zealand hosts thousands of species, both free-living in soil and water, and parasitic. Essential for nutrient cycling.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
Human Risk
poisonous
Handling Note
parasitic roundworm, ingestion causes toxocariasis
Conservation Note
Introduced parasitic nematode; not subject to conservation assessment.
Te Ao Māori
Nematodes were unknown to pre-European Māori due to their microscopic size. However the concept of invisible spirits or forces affecting health and growth was well understood. In modern science they are recognised as critical to the health of the whenua (land). While some are pests the vast majority are beneficial embodying the idea that the smallest things often hold the greatest power.
The cockroach of the microscopic world. A worm that is everywhere. Nematodes are unsegmented cylindrical worms so numerous that if every other animal on Earth vanished the outline of the planet would still be faintly visible made entirely of nematodes. They live in the mud the ice the deep sea vents and occasionally inside garden plants or pets. A worm that is indestructible. Free-living nematodes are the silent engines of the soil breaking down bacteria and organic matter releasing nutrients for plants to use. They are the unseen fertilisers working tirelessly in the dark. However some species are less benevolent acting as parasites that stunt plant growth or cause illness in animals. They are masters of adaptation capable of entering a state of suspended animation called cryptobiosis to survive extreme drought heat or cold. They wake up years later as if nothing happened. The life cycle is rapid. Depending on the species a single female can produce hundreds of eggs which hatch into tiny larvae that mature within days. Some species are predators feeding on other microscopic animals. Others are decomposers recycling nutrients from dead organic matter. To the naked eye they are invisible threads barely perceptible even under a microscope. Yet their impact is colossal. They are the ultimate survivors having outlived dinosaurs and ice ages. The soil is dark. The nematodes wriggle invisible breaking down bacteria recycling nutrients. They do not know they are everywhere. They do not know they are indestructible. They just want to eat. To ignore the nematode is to ignore the very engine room of life itself. Nematodes were unknown to pre-European Māori due to their microscopic size. The concept of invisible spirits affecting health was well understood. The nematode is proof.