harvestman with legs spanning far beyond its tiny body
- Size
- Body: 0.5–1 cm
- Lifespan
- 1–2 years
- Diet
- Omnivorous: feeds on small insects, dead plant material, fungi and carrion. Uses long legs to probe into crevices for prey. Cannot produce silk or venom, harmless to humans.
- Habitat
- Everywhere: walls, fences, foliage and dark corners of sheds. The long-legged loiterers of the arthropod world, often found standing still in groups.
- Range
- Throughout North and South Islands in forests, gardens, caves and human dwellings. Most common in damp, sheltered environments with abundant hiding places and prey.
- Endemism
- Native
- Main Threats
- Habitat loss from forest clearance and urban development. Pesticide use which kills their prey. Predation from introduced predators including rats and hedgehogs.
- Population
- New Zealand hosts both native and introduced species of harvestmen. Widespread and abundant. Unlike spiders, cannot produce silk or venom, making them entirely harmless to humans and pets.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
The spider that forgot how to be scary. The harvestman, affectionately known as the daddy long-legs, looks the part with a tiny, round body and legs so preposterously long they seem to belong to a different creature entirely. But it lacks the two defining features of a true spider: venom glands and silk spinners. It cannot bite you, and it cannot weave a web to trap you.
Its primary strategy is to stand very still in a corner, hoping you will mistake it for a stray bit of dust or a poorly drawn sketch. Despite their fragile appearance, they are surprisingly robust. Their legs are detachable by design. If a bird grabs a leg, the harvestman simply snaps it off and scuttles away, leaving the twitching limb behind as a distraction. It is a brutal but effective trade-off. Lose a limb, keep your life.
They are scavengers and predators of tiny soft-bodied insects, using their short pincers to tear apart food rather than injecting venom. You will often find them clustered together in large groups, a huddle of long legs that looks like a convention of stilts. This gregarious behaviour is unusual for arachnids, who typically prefer a solitary life.
The life cycle of a harvestman is slow and deliberate. Females lay eggs in damp soil or under rocks, using their long ovipositor to deposit them in protected crevices. The young hatch as miniature versions of the adults, with all eight legs and the same long-legged silhouette. They grow through a series of moults, adding size but not changing shape, taking over a year to reach maturity.
Unlike spiders, harvestmen do not have silk glands at all. They cannot build webs, egg sacs or draglines. They are the ultimate minimalist arachnids, carrying nothing, building nothing, relying entirely on stealth, speed and the ability to sacrifice a leg to survive.
They are the benign ghosts of the house, harmless tenants who pay their rent by eating aphids and mites. To fear a harvestman is to fear a shadow. They are the gentlest of giants, perfectly content to let you have the rest of the room. The name Waewae-Roa (long legs) is purely descriptive, reflecting the practical Māori approach to naming the natural world based on observable traits.