grasshopper launching itself from tussock to tussock

Size
Length: 1.5–3 cm
Lifespan
1–2 years
Diet
Herbivorous: feeds on grasses, clover and wide range of herbaceous plants. Uses strong mandibles to chew leaves and stems. Can be a pest of lawns and crops in high numbers.
Habitat
Sun-worshippers of the New Zealand lawn, paddock and sand dune. Prefer open, sunny spaces with low-growing vegetation. Most common sight on any summer hike, chirping produced by rubbing hind legs against wings.
Range
Throughout North and South Islands in open, sunny habitats including lawns, paddocks, sand dunes and alpine scree slopes. Most common in lowland agricultural areas and coastal regions.
Endemism
Native
Main Threats
Habitat loss from conversion of native grasslands to agriculture and urban development. Alpine species threatened by climate change. Pesticide use and intensive grazing.
Population
New Zealand grasshopper population mixes ubiquitous lowland grasshopper with specialised alpine species. Incredibly successful colonisers, found from high-tide mark of beaches to rocky scree of Southern Alps.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
The mechanical athlete of the New Zealand grasslands. A insect that jumps and sings. Grasshoppers are masters of solar-powered propulsion and energy conversion. Their anatomy is optimised for high-performance jumping, featuring powerful, spring-loaded hind legs and a precision-moulded exoskeleton that functions as a high-tech suit of armour. A grasshopper that is a spring. Unlike nocturnal crickets, these summer constants reach peak efficiency only after the sun has warmed their bodies. Utilising short-range flight as a secondary escape mechanism, they use their wings like parachutes to extend their jumps and evade the sudden shadows of predators. This fleet-footed strategy represents a state of resourceful industry, where the grasshopper functions as a biological lawnmower, converting tough plant fibres into high-protein biomass. The life cycle is a definitive sign of meadow-web complexity, where survival is dictated by the availability of messy grass margins. Females utilise a frothy secretion that hardens into a protective egg pod within the soil, securing the next generation against the elements. The emerging nymphs function as miniature, wingless energy converters, engaging in frantic practice jumps as they grow within the summer buffet. This existence is a masterclass in lightness of being, illustrating how a specialised herbivore can sustain a wide range of native wildlife, from skinks to spiders. Not currently threatened, grasshoppers are foundational participants in the primary-producer layers of New Zealand. The summer paddock is hot. The grasshopper basks on a grass stem, warming its body. A shadow falls. It jumps, wings flashing, and vanishes into the wind. It does not know it is an athlete. It does not know it is a lawnmower. It just wants to eat grass and avoid being eaten. To see a flash of green or brown vanish into the wind on a hot afternoon is to witness a survivor that has mastered the art of the fleet-footed. The grasshopper is proof.