ghost moth emerging from the soil after years underground

Size
Length: 10–15 cm
Lifespan
1–2 years
Diet
Larvae bore into trunks of native trees, feeding on sap and wood. Adults do not feed (no functional mouthparts) and live only to mate and lay eggs. Larvae create characteristic holes in native hardwood trees.
Habitat
The emerald giants of the North Island. Found in native forests, particularly where pūriri and lacebark trees are present. The largest moths in New Zealand.
Range
North Island only from Northland to Wellington in native forests, particularly where pūriri and lacebark trees are present. Absent from South Island.
Endemism
Endemic
Main Threats
Habitat loss from forest clearance and removal of mature native trees. Predation from rats and possums which eat larvae in tree trunks. Urban development which fragments habitat in North Island.
Population
While common in North Island, entirely absent from South. Often seen fluttering around house lights near forest edges during summer months.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
The heavyweight champion of the indigenous Lepidoptera. A moth that spends five years as a larva and five days as an adult. The pūriri moth has a wingspan that can reach an incredible 150mm, with a stunning emerald-green upperside patterned with subtle white and brown markings that allow it to vanish perfectly against a mossy tree trunk during the day. As adults, they represent the ultimate disposable flyers, possessing no functional mouthparts. They cannot consume food and live for only a few days on the massive energy reserves stored during their larval years. A moth that cannot eat. This brief brilliance is a state of transformation and sacrifice, where a five-year investment in the dark leads to one glorious, winged moment in the summer rain. The larval stage is an epic saga of secret architecture. Spending up to five years within the heartwood of living trees, most notably the pūriri, titoki and mānuka, the larvae excavate characteristic 7-shaped tunnels. These ghosts of the canopy are protected by a tough, silk-covered tent over their tunnel entrance, allowing them to forage on the surrounding callus tissue in absolute security. This life cycle is a definitive sign of forest longevity, indicating a landscape stable enough to support such an ambitious and long-term biological commitment. When they finally emerge, often triggered by summer rainstorms, they fill the evening air with a clumsy, emerald-green flight that marks the peak of the forest's reproductive cycle. Not currently threatened, the pūriri moth is a foundational cultural icon. The forest is old. The moth emerges from its tunnel, emerald-green wings unfurling, no mouth, no ability to eat. It has five days to find a mate. It flies. It does not know it is a champion. It does not know it spent five years as a larva. It just wants to mate before it dies. The spirit of the forest, the sheer scale of life hidden within the timber. The ghost moth is proof.