the split-gill found on every continent including NZ
- Size
- Cap: 1–4 cm
- Lifespan
- 1 years
- Diet
- Saprotrophic. Feeds on dead wood of native and introduced trees. A versatile decomposer that can grow on almost any type of rotting timber. Can revive after complete drying. Breaks down lignin and cellulose.
- Habitat
- Grows on dead and decaying wood. Forms small, fan-shaped brackets with fuzzy, greyish-white upper surface and distinctive split gills underneath that curl back when dry. Adaptable to diverse woody substrates.
- Range
- Throughout North and South Islands on dead wood in native forests, exotic plantations, orchards and urban gardens. One of most widespread fungi in the world. Found on every continent globally.
- Endemism
- Native
- Main Threats
- None significant. This species is one of the most common and widespread fungi in the world. Thrives in disturbed habitats and has benefited from human activity. Population stability is assured by ubiquity.
- Population
- One of the most widespread fungi on Earth, found on every continent. Remarkable ability to survive complete drying and rehydrate makes it virtually indestructible. Common in New Zealand forests and gardens.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
The Werewere is the survivor of the fungal world. It is defined by a resilience that borders on the absurd. The cap is small and fuzzy. Typically pale grey to whitish. Shaped like a tiny fan or an oyster shell. It rarely exceeds four centimetres across. But it makes up for its lack of size with an almost mythical ability to endure. The upper surface is covered in fine hairs. This gives it a velvety, almost woolly texture. It traps moisture from the humid forest air. But the real magic hides underneath. The structure is modest. The function is complex.
Look at the gills of a Werewere and you will see something no other mushroom in the world does. Instead of the smooth, parallel blades of a typical mushroom, the gills of Schizophyllum commune are split lengthwise. They are curled back like a tiny book that has been left out in the rain. When the fungus dries out, these gills curl inward. This protects the delicate spore-producing surface from wind, sun and hungry insects. When it rains, they uncurl. The spores are released in a fresh wave. The mechanism is mechanical. The adaptation is precise.
Biologically, the Werewere is a champion of decay. Its mycelium can digest almost any type of dead wood. From the soft, punky remains of a rotting tawa to the hard, dry branch of a pine tree. It produces powerful enzymes that break down lignin and cellulose. These are the two toughest components of wood. It turns solid timber into soft, crumbly humus that feeds the forest floor. The digestion is thorough. The recycling is efficient.
This fungus holds a fascinating, slightly unsettling medical secret. It produces a compound called Schizophyllan. This has been used in Japan for decades as an anti-cancer drug. This beta-glucan stimulates the human immune system. It helps the body fight off tumours and infections. The lowly, fuzzy bracket growing on a dead branch in a Wellington garden is, quite literally, a source of life-saving medicine. The utility is global. The origin is local.
To find a Werewere is to see the forest's most successful recycler at work. It does not shout for attention. It does not glow in the dark or smell like rotting meat. It just sits there. Quietly. Persistently. Turning death into life. One tiny split gill at a time. Year after year. Decade after decade. Outlasting almost everything else in the bush. The fungus does not care for recognition. It cares for persistence. It finds it in the wood. It splits the gill. It releases the spore. And that seems to be enough.