bleeds orange under the pine trees
- Size
- Cap: 5–15 cm, Stem: 3–7 cm
- Lifespan
- 5–10 years
- Diet
- Mycorrhizal: forms symbiotic relationship with roots of introduced pine trees.
- Habitat
- Pine forests and plantations. Forms mycorrhizal associations with pine tree roots.
- Range
- Throughout New Zealand under introduced pine trees. Most common in North Island plantations.
- Endemism
- Introduced
- Main Threats
- No significant conservation threats. Symbiotic with introduced pines. Not threatened.
- Population
- Populations are considered stable and widespread in pine plantations.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
- Human Risk
- harmless
- Handling Note
- edible when cooked; ensure correct identification
- Conservation Note
- Introduced fungus; commonly found in pastures and gardens, not subject to conservation assessment.
- Te Ao Māori
- The saffron milkcap gets its name from the orange, saffron-coloured milk it exudes. It has been collected for food in Europe for centuries. In New Zealand, it is common in pine plantations and is sought after by mushroom foragers. The stain is not injury. It is identity.
Cut it. Orange milk bleeds from the gills. That is the saffron milkcap. The cap is bright orange, three to ten centimetres across, with concentric rings and a slightly sticky surface when wet. The gills are orange, crowded, and attached to the stem. The stem is orange, often with darker spots, three to six centimetres tall. Cut or bruise the mushroom and it exudes orange milk. That is the defining feature. No other orange mushroom bleeds orange milk. The milk stains greenish over time, a useful clue for identification.
It forms symbiotic relationships with pine trees. In New Zealand, it is found only under introduced pine trees. It hitched a ride from Europe, probably in imported soil or tree roots, and has made itself at home in our pine plantations. Edible and highly prized in Europe. The flesh is firm and peppery, with a rich, mushroomy flavour. Fry it in butter. Pickle it. Dry it and use it in soups. It is a delicacy, the kind that foragers keep secret.
The Maori name is not recorded. Another introduced fungus, arriving without invitation, bringing its orange milk with it. In New Zealand, it is common in pine plantations in autumn. Look under pine trees, in the needle litter. The orange caps are hard to miss. Cut one and watch the milk bleed. That is the saffron milkcap. That is the saffron milkcap. Orange, milky, and delicious. A mushroom that bleeds when you cut it and tastes like Europe, growing under a pine tree in New Zealand.