the NZ endemic tooth fungus on fallen logs

Size
Height: 10–30 cm
Lifespan
2–4 years
Diet
Saprotrophic. Feeds on decaying native hardwood logs, particularly tawa and beech. Grows on fallen logs and branches in deep, shaded gullies where humidity remains high. White-rot specialist.
Habitat
Exclusively on decaying native hardwood logs, particularly tawa and beech. Favours deep, shaded gullies where air is still and humidity remains high. A creature of wet, dark places.
Range
Throughout North and South Islands on decaying native hardwood logs in deep, shaded gullies. Most common in North Island and west coast of South Island. Distribution follows suitable host availability.
Endemism
Endemic
Main Threats
Habitat loss from forest clearance and removal of decaying logs. Climate change reducing forest floor humidity. Collection by mushroom enthusiasts affects local populations significantly.
Population
Not Threatened, though a fleeting seasonal treasure appearing only when wood is at perfect stage of decay. Still common in healthy native forests throughout New Zealand, particularly in North Island.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
The Pekepeke-kiore is the ice-palace of the forest floor. It is defined by a complex, multi-branched architecture. It looks like a miniature coral reef growing in the air. Instead of a traditional cap and gills, this fungus produces a central trunk. This repeatedly divides into finer and finer branches. From the ends of these white branches, thousands of soft, translucent teeth hang downward. They look like a frozen waterfall. These spines can grow up to a centimetre long. They create a shimmering, shaggy appearance. This catches the dim light of the understory. The entire structure is a brilliant, pure white when fresh. It slowly turns to a creamy yellow or tan as it ages. It begins to release its spores. The transformation is gradual. The beauty is fleeting. This fungus is a master of surface area. Every one of those thousands of hanging teeth is a surface designed for spore production. By hanging vertically, the fungus uses gravity to its advantage. The microscopic spores develop on the outside of the spines. They simply drop off into the air currents flowing beneath the log. This open-air design allows it to release millions of spores over several days. It does not need a protective cap. The flesh of the Pekepeke-kiore is remarkably soft and succulent. It lacks the woody or leathery texture found in many other shelf fungi. It is a fragile, ephemeral structure. It can be easily bruised by a heavy raindrop. Yet it possesses the chemical power to dissolve the toughest wood fibres. The contrast is striking. The function is potent. Biologically, the Pekepeke-kiore is a white-rot specialist. Its mycelium penetrates deep into the heartwood of fallen trees. It secretes enzymes that specifically break down lignin. This leaves behind the white cellulose. The process makes the wood soft and stringy. This creates a perfect habitat for forest invertebrates. Beetle larvae and amphipods thrive here. It is a key player in the forest's nutrient cycle. It accelerates the return of minerals to the soil. It provides a high-energy food source for both humans and animals. The ecology is complex. The benefit is shared. To find a fresh clump of coral tooth hanging from a mossy tawa log is to see the forest's most elegant clean-up crew in action. It is a white, crystalline reminder. Beauty thrives in the process of decay. The structure is delicate. The role is vital. The appearance is unforgettable. The taste is prized. The fungus does not care for admiration. It cares for decomposition. It breaks down the lignin. It releases the nutrients. It feeds the larvae. It feeds the forager. And that seems to be enough.