bleeds on the dead broadleaf wood
- Size
- Crust: 2-10 cm wide.
- Lifespan
- Annual
- Diet
- Saprotrophic, decomposing dead wood of broadleaf trees and shrubs to release nutrients into the soil.
- Habitat
- On dead wood of broadleaf trees and shrubs in native forest with high humidity and moderate shade.
- Range
- Found in native forests throughout New Zealand, particularly on dead broadleaf wood in damp conditions.
- Endemism
- Native
- Main Threats
- Habitat disturbance from logging, fire, or heavy grazing affecting soil moisture and mycelial networks.
- Population
- Common in native forests throughout New Zealand, particularly in autumn on dead broadleaf branches.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
- Human Risk
- harmless
- Handling Note
- inedible but harmless, do not eat
- Conservation Note
- Native fungus; not assessed by NZTCS as fungi are generally outside the scope of current threat classifications.
- Te Ao Māori
- Māori names for specific crust fungi are not recorded in standard dictionaries. In a kaitiakitanga framework, these fungi represent the hidden defences of the forest. Their bleeding latex signals a biological warning, protecting the organism from predation. Protecting them means preserving the integrity of the forest ecosystem and the unseen processes that sustain it. The red is not art. It is armour.
It bleeds when touched. Scratch the surface of the Bleeding Oak Crust, and a vivid red fluid oozes from the wound. This is not blood. It is a chemical defence, a bitter latex that deters insects and slugs from feeding on the fungus. The colour is striking against the pale, greyish-white surface of the crust. The crust itself is thin, leathery, and tightly attached to the wood. It does not have a cap or stem. It spreads across the surface of dead branches like a stain, irregular and jagged at the margins. It is not a beautiful fungus. It is functional.
The Bleeding Oak Crust is found throughout New Zealand, from the northern forests to the southern beech lands. It fruits year-round, though it is most visible in autumn and winter when the wood is damp. It is not picky about its host, thriving on a variety of broadleaf trees and shrubs. Its presence is a sign of decay in progress. Where it grows, lignin is being broken down. Nutrients are being released. The cycle continues.
This fungus is saprotrophic. It does not form mycorrhizal relationships with trees. Instead, it feeds on decaying organic matter, breaking down dead wood. In doing so, it releases nutrients back into the soil. It is a recycler, working in the shadows of the forest. Without it, the debris would pile up. The forest floor would stagnate. The Bleeding Oak Crust is efficient. It consumes what is dead to feed what is living. Its bleeding milk is a warning. Do not eat me.
The underside of the crust is smooth and pale, lacking the pores or gills of other fungi. It releases spores directly from this surface, carried by the wind to new hosts. The flesh is thin and tough. It smells faintly of earth, nothing more. Unlike the Garlic Parachute, it has no distinct scent. Its defence is chemistry, not obscurity.
Threats are minimal. The species is widespread and common. However, it is sensitive to changes in moisture and soil structure. Logging, fire, or heavy grazing can disrupt the delicate mycelial networks beneath the forest floor. Recovery is slow. The fungi wait for the conditions to return. They do not rush. It carries on.