causes galls on the beech tree branches
- Size
- Width: 1–3 cm
- Lifespan
- 1 years
- Diet
- Parasitic: causes cancerous galls on living beech trees. Fruiting bodies emerge from galls.
- Habitat
- On living beech trees (Nothofagus species). Causes cancerous galls on branches. Fruiting bodies emerge in spring.
- Range
- Throughout New Zealand on beech trees. Found in both North and South Islands wherever beech forests occur.
- Endemism
- Endemic
- Main Threats
- Habitat loss from land clearance and forest fragmentation. Dependent on beech forest survival.
- Population
- Populations are considered stable and widespread in beech forests. Common on beech trees.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
- Human Risk
- caution
- Handling Note
- inedible; do not ingest
- Conservation Note
- Endemic fungus; not assessed by NZTCS as fungi are generally outside the scope of current threat classifications.
- Te Ao Māori
- In South America, related Cyttaria species are known as llao llao and are harvested as a delicacy. In New Zealand, beech strawberry is less well known as a food source. The yellow fruiting bodies are distinctive and appear in spring. The cultural layer is thin. The biological layer is thick. The fungus persists.
It is not a fruit. Cyttaria gunnii is a strange and specialised fungus. It grows only on living beech trees. A parasite that looks like a fruit. The beech strawberry causes cancerous galls on the branches of its host. The fungus stimulates the tree to produce abnormal growth. Creating a woody lump that can persist for years. Inside the gall, the fungus's mycelium lives protected from the elements. A fungus that builds its own fortress.
In spring, the fungus produces fruiting bodies. They emerge from the galls like golden golfballs. These fruiting bodies are one to three centimetres across. Bright yellow. Covered in small pits. They are edible. They have a fruity, strawberry-like flavour. Which is how they got their common name. The texture is soft and slightly chewy. A fungus that tastes like fruit.
The life cycle of the beech strawberry is tightly linked to its host. The spores infect new beech trees through wounds in the bark. Often where branches have broken. The fungus then waits. Sometimes for years. Before producing fruiting bodies. The timing is synchronised with the spring rains.
In South America, related Cyttaria species are known as llao llao. They are harvested as a delicacy. An important food source for indigenous communities in Patagonia. In New Zealand, the beech strawberry is less well known as a food source.
To find beech strawberry, look for living beech trees in native forests. The beech forest is damp. The gall is woody and lumpy on the branch. The golden golfballs emerge in spring. Bright yellow against the grey bark. They are edible. They taste like strawberry. The fungus does not know it is delicious. It just wants to spread its spores.
In South America, related Cyttaria species are known as llao llao and are harvested as a delicacy. In New Zealand, beech strawberry is less well known as a food source. The yellow fruiting bodies are distinctive and appear in spring. The cultural layer is thin. The biological layer is thick. The fungus persists.