warty oreo, armoured and deep

Size
Length: 30–45 cm, Weight: 0.5–1.5 kg
Lifespan
50–80 years
Diet
Small crustaceans, squid and mid-water fish. Hovers in deep water picking off passing prey. Uses its large mouth to suck in food items. Feeds opportunistically on whatever drifts within range of the seamount.
Habitat
Deep continental slopes and seamounts between 400 and 1,200 metres depth. Prefers cold and stable waters near the seafloor. Often found in aggregations around underwater mountains and submarine ridges.
Range
Deep waters around New Zealand including the Chatham Rise, Campbell Plateau and subantarctic islands. Found from the North Island to the Auckland Islands. Also recorded from Australia and the Southern Ocean.
Endemism
Native
Main Threats
Commercial bottom trawling on seamounts is the primary threat. Bycatch in orange roughy and oreo fisheries. Habitat destruction from deep-sea trawl gear. Extremely slow reproduction makes recovery very difficult after any overfishing.
Population
Population declines have occurred on heavily fished seamounts. The species is still common on unfished or protected seamounts. Taken as bycatch in target fisheries for other deep-sea species. Quotas and area closures help protect remaining stocks.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
Small wart-like bumps cover the body, giving a rough, knobbly texture. The warty oreo is named for its skin, which feels like sandpaper made of pebbles. It is one of the longest living fish in the deep sea. It is capable of surviving for nearly a century. A fish that reaches eighty years old, born when the world was a very different place. The lifespan is extensive. The growth is minimal. The history is long. The perspective is ancient. It lives in the cold dark waters around seamounts. It gathers in dense schools that have made it vulnerable to bottom trawling. A fish that likes company, crowding together on underwater mountains where the current brings food. That schooling behaviour is useful for finding mates and avoiding predators. It becomes a liability when the trawl nets arrive. The aggregation is efficient. The exposure is total. The risk is concentrated. The survival is precarious. The firm white flesh is valued in the seafood trade alongside the black oreo and smooth oreo. All oreo species share the same slow-growing, vulnerable life history. All are vulnerable. All are long-lived. All are at risk from deep-sea trawling. The similarity is biological. The fate is shared. The market is indifferent. The value is commercial. The consequence is ecological. The balance is fragile. Population declines have occurred on heavily fished seamounts. It is still common on unfished or protected seamounts. Quotas and area closures help protect remaining stocks. Recovery may take many decades. The pattern is clear. The management is reactive. The protection is partial. The recovery is glacial. The threat remains active. The future is uncertain. A warty, knobbly, near-century-old fish of the deep seamounts, schooling in the dark, vulnerable to the nets, protected in some places, declining in others. That is the warty oreo. It carries on. For now. The existence is obscure. The resilience is low. The impact is cumulative. No one told it otherwise.