round and silver, drifts the open ocean

Size
Length: 1–1.5 m, Weight: 20–50 kg
Lifespan
10–15 years
Diet
Feeds on small fish, squid and crustaceans. Hunts in mid-water using large, circular body. Uses red-tipped pectoral fins to stir up prey. Swims with slow, flapping motion similar to penguin.
Habitat
Inhabits open ocean waters from surface down to 500 metres depth. Prefers temperate and subtropical waters with high oxygen levels. Often found near current boundaries and upwelling zones where prey concentrates.
Range
Found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide. In New Zealand it is a visitor to northern waters from Northland to Bay of Plenty. Most common in warm summers with high sea surface temperatures.
Endemism
Native
Main Threats
Bycatch in tuna longline fisheries is primary threat. No targeted commercial fishery in New Zealand waters. Climate change affects prey distribution. Ocean warming may shift range further south into local waters.
Population
Global population trends poorly understood due to offshore habitat. Caught occasionally as bycatch in tropical and subtropical longline fisheries. In New Zealand it is a rare visitor with no commercial importance.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
A bright red-orange disk covered in white spots. It is shaped like a dinner plate that grew legs and learned to swim. This fish looks like art. The name comes from its round, moon-like shape and silvery sheen. It is a spectacular fish that appears to belong in a tropical aquarium rather than the open ocean. It grows to over a metre long. It can weigh fifty kilograms. It is a big, beautiful, bizarre creature. A fish that breaks the mold. Here is the weirdest thing about the moonfish. It has warm blood. Most fish are cold-blooded. Their body temperature matches the surrounding water. Not this one. Moonfish can elevate their body temperature above the surrounding ocean. This is a rare adaptation called endothermy. It allows them to hunt efficiently in cold, deep waters where other predators slow down. Tuna have this ability. So do some sharks. But a disk-shaped fish that looks like a floating target? That is unusual. It is a warm-blooded dinner plate. The moonfish swims with a slow, flapping motion of its long pectoral fins. It moves like a penguin flying through the water. It hunts in mid-water. It uses those red-tipped fins to stir up prey. Small fish, squid and crustaceans are on the menu. Nothing too picky. It lives in open ocean from the surface down to 500 metres. It prefers temperate and subtropical waters near current boundaries where food concentrates. In New Zealand, the moonfish is a rare visitor to northern waters. It ranges from Northland to the Bay of Plenty. It is most common in warm summers. It turns up occasionally as bycatch in tuna longline fisheries. No one targets it here. The open ocean is blue. The moonfish flaps its red fins, warm-blooded and round, hunting in the deep. The longline sets. The moonfish is caught. It does not know it is a mystery. It does not know it is warm-blooded. It just wants to eat squid. The ocean remains unexplored. The moonfish is proof.