deep-sea anglerfin, fishes with its head
- Size
- Length: 60–100 cm, Weight: 5–15 kg
- Lifespan
- 10–15 years
- Diet
- Small fish, squid and crustaceans. Lives on soft, sandy and muddy bottoms from 10–300 metres depth. A buried ambusher, lying completely buried in sediment with only eyes and mouth showing.
- Habitat
- Soft, sandy and muddy bottoms from 10 metres down to 300 metres. Does not swim so much as lurk, buried completely in the sediment with only eyes and mouth showing.
- Range
- Around the North and South Islands on soft, sandy and muddy bottoms from 10–300 metres depth. Most common in deeper water off the east coast of both islands.
- Endemism
- Endemic
- Main Threats
- Commercial bottom trawling is the primary threat, with large numbers caught as bycatch. Habitat loss from bottom trawling damaging sandy habitats. Climate change affecting water temperature.
- Population
- Not Threatened, but often caught as bycatch in bottom trawls. Bizarre appearance means they were historically discarded, but now that chefs have discovered them, the price has gone up and the waste has gone down.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
The ugliest fish in New Zealand waters. And it knows it. The body is a massive, flattened, gelatinous blob tapering to a skinny, muscular tail. The head is enormous. It has a huge, downturned mouth full of needle-like teeth. The eyes sit on top of the head pointing upward. This gives a permanent look of surprised horror. This is because monkfish spend their entire lives looking up. They wait for dinner to swim overhead.
Living mines. Monkfish bury themselves in the sand with a single violent wriggle. They leave only their eyes and a small fleshy lure on top of the head exposed. The lure is a worm-like appendage. They wiggle it to attract curious fish. When the victim gets close, the monkfish opens its mouth. It creates a vacuum so powerful that it can swallow a fish whole from several centimetres away. They will eat anything that fits. Fish, squid, crabs, even small sharks.
The tail is the prize. While the head and body are a rubbery, unappetising mess, the tail contains two solid, white, boneless loins. These look and cook like lobster or scallops. This is the part that ends up in fancy restaurants. It is often mislabelled as something more glamorous.
To eat monkfish is to eat the hidden gem. It is the ugly duckling that turns into a golden, buttery, seafood feast when you know where to cut. The fish makes chefs excited and home cooks nervous. It looks like a disaster on the outside but tastes like a triumph on the inside.
In Māori tradition, the Monkfish did not have a distinct name. This is likely because it lives in deeper water. It was rarely encountered by traditional fishermen. European settlers called it the stargazer. This was for those creepy, upward-pointing eyes. Today it remains the fish that makes chefs excited and home cooks nervous. It is the one that looks like a disaster on the outside. But it tastes like a triumph on the inside.