deep-water grouper, taken from great depth

Size
Length: 80–120 cm, Weight: 10–30 kg
Lifespan
30–50 years
Diet
Feeds on small fish, squid and crustaceans. Lives on rocky bottoms, underwater pinnacles and shipwrecks from 20 to 400 metres depth. A deep reef king, lurking in dark water below where snapper dare not go.
Habitat
Inhabits rocky bottoms, underwater pinnacles and shipwrecks from 20 metres down to 400 metres. The big boys of the deep, lurking in dark water below where snapper dare not go. Prefers structured environments.
Range
Found throughout North and South Islands on rocky bottoms and underwater pinnacles. Most common in deep water off rocky headlands, particularly around North Island east coast and South Island west coast.
Endemism
Native
Main Threats
Commercial overfishing is primary threat, with populations hammered by long-lining and bottom trawling. Slow growth and late maturation make them incredibly vulnerable to overfishing pressure in deep waters.
Population
At Risk - Declining. Hammered by commercial long-lining and bottom trawling. Grow slowly and take years to reach breeding age, making them incredibly vulnerable. Really big fish, the 50-kilogram grandfathers, are now rare.
Conservation Status
At Risk - Declining
The heavyweight champion of the reef. Everything about hapuku says do not mess with it. The body is thick, deep and solid. It resembles a barrel with fins. Colour ranges from dark charcoal grey to rich coppery bronze. Faint mottled bands often appear on the flanks. An enormous mouth is full of sharp inward-pointing teeth. They are designed to grab and hold onto anything that swims past. A fish built like a dropped toolbox. The structure implies weight. The appearance suggests power. Ambush predators with a serious lurk game define this species. Hapuku do not chase. They wait. Hiding happens in caves, under ledges or right in the middle of a shipwreck. They sit motionless for hours. When a hapless crayfish, octopus or small fish drifts too close, the hapuku opens its mouth. It creates a vacuum that sucks prey straight into its throat. Curiosity is also part of the character. They often follow divers. Watching occurs from the edge of visibility with big dark eyes. A fish that watches before it eats. The patience is absolute. The strike is sudden. Slow growers and slow breeders characterise the life history. Hapuku can live for 60 years or more. But females do not start spawning until at least 10 years old. They gather at specific mounts, underwater hills, to breed. This makes them easy to find. And easy to wipe out. A fish that puts all its eggs in one basket. A basket that fishermen know about. The aggregation is predictable. The vulnerability is high. The recovery is slow. To catch a hapuku is to catch a dinosaur. It is a deep dark grumpy giant. It has been hiding in the shadows since grandparents were kids. This is the bucket list fish for every serious Kiwi angler. The one talked about for years. The one that got away, or the one that did not. The legend grows with the absence. The memory persists. The desire remains. The line goes down into the dark. The hapuku watches. The bait drifts past. The mouth opens. The vacuum sucks. The line goes tight. Then the fight begins. The hapuku does not give up easily. It has been waiting for hours. It can wait a little longer. The resistance is formidable. The strength is surprising. The outcome is uncertain. The angler holds on. The fish pulls back. The deep water hides the struggle. The surface reveals the result. Victory or defeat. The hapuku carries on. It returns to the cave. Or it does not. The cycle continues. The reef remains. The giant persists.