flatfish, catch-all name, many species

Size
Length: 30–40 cm, Weight: 0.5–1.5 kg
Lifespan
8–10 years
Diet
Feeds on small crustaceans, worms and insect larvae. Lives in shallow sheltered estuaries, mudflats and sandy bays. A sandy bottom hider, burying itself in sediment during day to ambush prey.
Habitat
Inhabits shallow sheltered estuaries, mudflats and sandy bays. From top of North Island down to chilly South, if there is gentle current and soft bottom, a flounder is probably buried in it.
Range
Found throughout North and South Islands in shallow sheltered estuaries, mudflats and sandy bays. Most common in lowland coastal waters with soft sandy or muddy bottoms nationwide.
Endemism
Endemic
Main Threats
Habitat loss from coastal development, wetland drainage and stream modification. Water pollution from agricultural and urban runoff. Sedimentation from land clearance. Overfishing impacts local stocks.
Population
Not Threatened, though local populations can be hammered by coastal development, pollution and drainage of wetlands. Still common enough that patient fisher with net can bring home a feed.
Conservation Status
Not Threatened
The pancake of the fish world. This is a fish that starts normal and gets weird. Born as a normal upright larva with an eye on each side of its head, the flounder goes through a bizarre transformation as it grows. One eye migrates across the skull to join the other on the same side. The fish flops over. It spends the rest of its life swimming sideways with both eyes pointing up. This is why flatfish look like confused Picasso paintings. A design that raises questions. The asymmetry is functional. The appearance is unsettling. Ambush artists with zero ambition define this species. Flounder bury themselves in sand or mud with a single violent wriggle. Only their eyes and mouth remain exposed. Then they wait. When a small crab, worm or shrimp wanders past, they launch upward. They grab it and settle back into the sand. They do not chase. They do not explore. They just lie there, waiting for dinner to come to them. A fish that has perfected the art of doing nothing. The strategy is passive. The result is efficient. The fish of the humble feed describes their culinary role. They are not caught with a rod and reel. They are caught with a net. Wading through the shallows at low tide happens regularly. Feeling for the tell-tale bump of a buried fish is the method. Also the fish of the Friday night fry-up. Lightly dusted in flour. Fried in butter until crispy. Served with lemon and a sprinkle of salt. A fish that tastes like childhood. The memory is strong. The flavour is mild. To eat a flounder is to eat the taste of the estuary. Muddy, sweet and absolutely worth the effort of cleaning them. This is the fish of the quiet estuary. The one caught while standing in the mud. Feeling like a kid again is part of the experience. The connection is tactile. The reward is edible. The tradition is enduring. The estuary is still. The flounder waits, buried in the mud, eyes just visible, watching. The net sweeps. The flounder is caught. It does not know it is about to be dinner. It does not care about the menu. It cares about the sediment. The camouflage is effective. The capture is sudden. The outcome is certain. It just wanted a worm. It carries on in the shallows. Unseen by the casual observer. But prized by those who know. It remains in the mud. A testament to the intact estuary. A relic of the wild flat. It waits for the tide. Or it does not. The choice is tidal. The outcome is certain. The fish persists. It moves through the water. Unaware of the name. Unconcerned with the classification. Focused on survival. And the next meal. In the shallow, muddy expanse. Where it belongs. The flounder endures.