Photosynthesis drives it. Not consumption. The waterfall fern obtains energy from sunlight and nutrients from mist and rock weathering. This hygrophilic adaptation allows it to thrive in constantly wet environments where other plants struggle. It reaches about 40 centimetres in height with narrow lance-shaped fronds that resist water damage. The species inhabits rocky cliffs and waterfall spray zones throughout New Zealand. It prefers constantly wet conditions with high humidity and minimal soil. Unlike inland ferns that require periodic drying, this species has adapted to perpetual moisture. Fronds are narrow and lance-shaped, growing in tight clumps from rock crevices. Spores are produced on the underside of fertile fronds in continuous lines along the midrib. These spores are released into misty air, settling on nearby wet rock surfaces where moisture allows germination. Classified as Not Threatened, waterfall fern remains widespread throughout New Zealand. Populations are stable in suitable wet habitat. However the species is sensitive to habitat disturbance. When waterfalls are diverted or cliffs modified for construction, populations decline rapidly. Its presence signals intact hydrological regimes and suitable moisture levels. Conservation efforts focus on protecting remaining waterfall habitats from development and maintaining natural flow regimes.