Photosynthesis drives it. Not consumption. The southern comb fern obtains energy from sunlight and nutrients from soil via shallow root systems. This autotrophic lifestyle allows it to thrive in nutrient-poor soils where other plants struggle. It reaches about 30 centimetres in height with narrow comb-shaped fronds that grow in tight clumps. The species inhabits damp shaded areas in native forests throughout the South Island and lower North Island. It prefers moist fertile soils with high humidity, thriving where rainfall is consistent and drainage is good. Fronds are narrow and comb-shaped, divided into many small leaflets that create a lacy appearance. Spores are produced on the underside of fertile fronds in continuous lines along the margins. These spores are released into the air, drifting on wind currents until they land on suitable substrate. Classified as Not Threatened, southern comb fern remains widespread throughout New Zealand. Populations are stable in suitable forest habitat. However the species is sensitive to habitat disturbance. When forests are logged or modified, populations decline rapidly. Its presence signals intact mycorrhizal networks and healthy forest ecosystems. Conservation efforts focus on protecting remaining native forests from logging and development to maintain these critical underground connections.