Photosynthesis drives it. Not consumption. Richard's spleenwort obtains energy from sunlight and nutrients from sea spray and rock weathering. This halophytic adaptation allows it to thrive in nutrient-poor coastal environments where other plants struggle. It reaches about 20 centimetres in height with narrow leathery fronds that resist salt damage. Matua-kaponga. The Māori name refers to this common coastal fern. Early Māori likely encountered Richard's spleenwort on rocky coastlines though its small size meant it was probably less significant than larger edible species. Settlers found the fern less palatable but recognised its value as ground cover in coastal gardens. Today the species serves as an indicator of coastal health. Its presence signals intact geological features and suitable maritime conditions. The species inhabits coastal rocks and cliffs exposed to salt spray throughout New Zealand. It prefers windy sites with minimal soil and high humidity. Unlike inland ferns that require sheltered conditions, this species has adapted to harsh maritime environments. Fronds are narrow and lance-shaped, growing in tight clumps from rock crevices. Spores are produced on the underside of fertile fronds in linear sori. These spores are released into the air, drifting on strong winds along the coastline. Classified as Not Threatened, Richard's spleenwort remains widespread throughout coastal New Zealand. Populations are stable in suitable rocky habitat. However the species is sensitive to habitat disturbance. When coastal rocks are modified for construction or recreation, populations decline rapidly. Its presence signals intact geological features and suitable maritime conditions. Conservation efforts focus on protecting remaining coastal outcrops from development and maintaining natural hydrological regimes.