Fronds are small. Not delicate like garden varieties. But tough. The moonwort grows on grassy slopes and open forest margins where light filters through sparse canopy. Its fronds are divided into rounded leaflets resembling a crescent moon. This distinctive shape gives the fern its name. The species inhabits well-drained soils with moderate moisture throughout the South Island and lower North Island. It prefers open sites with high light levels and minimal competition. Unlike forest ferns that require deep shade, moonwort thrives in disturbed areas. Spores are produced on specialised fertile fronds that rise above the sterile leaflets. These spores are released into the air, drifting on wind currents until they land on suitable substrate. Diet consists of nutrients obtained through photosynthesis and absorption from soil via shallow root systems. The fern does not consume organic matter directly but rather extracts minerals and water from surrounding substrate. This autotrophic lifestyle allows it to thrive in nutrient-poor soils where other plants struggle. Classified as Not Threatened, moonwort remains widespread throughout New Zealand. Populations are stable in suitable habitat. However the species is sensitive to habitat disturbance. When grasslands are converted to intensive agriculture, populations decline rapidly. Its presence signals intact grassland ecosystems and suitable moisture levels. Conservation efforts focus on protecting remaining native grasslands from conversion and maintaining natural hydrological regimes.