Fronds are narrow. Not broad like forest relatives. But lance-shaped, tapering to a point. The lance water fern grows in damp shaded gullies where water flows constantly. Its fronds are coloured bright green, hanging loosely over stream beds. This narrow shape reduces drag in fast-flowing water. The species inhabits damp shaded areas in native forests throughout New Zealand. It prefers moist fertile soils with high humidity, thriving where rainfall is consistent and drainage is good. Fronds are lance-shaped and divided into many small leaflets that create a lacy appearance. Spores are produced on the underside of fertile fronds in continuous lines along the midrib. These spores are released into the air, drifting on wind currents until they land on suitable substrate. Diet consists of nutrients obtained through photosynthesis and absorption from soil via shallow root systems. The fern does not consume organic matter directly but rather extracts minerals and water from surrounding substrate. This autotrophic lifestyle allows it to thrive in nutrient-poor soils where other plants struggle. Classified as Not Threatened, lance water fern remains widespread throughout New Zealand. Populations are stable in suitable forest habitat. However the species is sensitive to habitat disturbance. When forests are logged or modified, populations decline rapidly. Its presence signals intact mycorrhizal networks and healthy forest ecosystems. Conservation efforts focus on protecting remaining native forests from logging and development to maintain these critical underground connections.