It is not rare. Not yet. But the fan fern faces increasing pressure from habitat degradation throughout New Zealand forests. This small fern reaches about 15 centimetres in height, with distinctive fan-shaped fronds that grow in tight clumps. The fronds are divided into two lobes, resembling a forked tongue. A distinctive midrib runs the length of each lobe, providing structural support. The species inhabits sandy soils and open forest margins throughout the northern North Island. It prefers well-drained sites with high light levels and minimal competition. Unlike forest ferns that require deep shade, fan fern dominates cleared areas. Fronds are bright green and leathery, coloured to blend with sand. Spores are produced on specialised fertile fronds that rise above the sterile leaflets. These spores are released into the air, drifting on wind currents until they land on suitable substrate. Diet consists of nutrients obtained through photosynthesis and absorption from soil via shallow root systems. The fern does not consume organic matter directly but rather extracts minerals and water from surrounding substrate. This autotrophic lifestyle allows it to thrive in nutrient-poor sandy soils where other plants struggle. Classified as Not Threatened, fan fern remains widespread throughout northern New Zealand. Populations are stable in suitable sandy habitat. However the species is sensitive to habitat disturbance. When sandy soils are modified for construction or agriculture, populations decline rapidly. Its presence signals intact dune ecosystems and suitable moisture levels. Conservation efforts focus on protecting remaining sandy habitats from development and maintaining natural hydrological regimes.