hides under the rocky reef stones
- Size
- Length: 10–15 cm
- Lifespan
- 5–10 years
- Diet
- Detritivore. Feeds on small particles and detritus. Uses long, flexible arms to sweep food towards mouth. A brittle star, not a true sea star, with different feeding mechanism and arm structure.
- Habitat
- Rocky reefs, kelp forests, and harbours from low tide mark down to 50 metres depth. Hides under rocks and in crevices during day. Emerges at night to feed. Prefers areas with complex rocky structure.
- Range
- Found in coastal waters of North and South Islands from Northland to Stewart Island. Most common in rocky reefs and harbours. Endemic to New Zealand waters. Distribution follows suitable rocky habitats.
- Endemism
- Endemic
- Main Threats
- No significant conservation threats. Climate change affecting marine habitats. Habitat disturbance from coastal development and dredging may impact local populations. Ocean acidification may affect larval development significantly.
- Population
- Populations considered stable and widespread. Species is common in rocky reefs throughout New Zealand. No formal conservation assessment exists. Ability to regenerate lost arms makes it resilient to localised disturbance. Banded pattern provides camouflage.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
- Human Risk
- harmless
- Handling Note
- native brittle star, harmless to humans, leave undisturbed
- Conservation Note
- Endemic marine invertebrate; not assessed by NZTCS as marine invertebrates are outside the scope of current threat classifications.
- Te Ao Māori
- The Māori name Pēwhā refers to the sinuous snake-like movement of this brittle star. The name captures the way its long arms twist and coil. They move with a grace that seems impossible for an animal with no obvious skeleton. The banded brittle star was not a food source. But its distinctive striped pattern was noted by coastal Māori. It remains a common sight for night divers. Its banded arms wave in the dark water. Observation was keen. Description was apt. The name persists. The motion continues. It is a link to the past. It is a feature of the present. It belongs.
Dark bands alternate with pale bands along each arm. The banded brittle star is one of the most beautiful of New Zealand's brittle stars. Its arms are striped like a tiny serpent. The pattern provides camouflage against the rocky seafloor. It breaks up the outline of the arm when it moves. Visibility is low. Survival is high.
Under rocks and in crevices it hides during the day. The banded brittle star is nocturnal. It emerges only after dark to feed. It wedges itself into gaps where predators cannot reach. During the day it is still and silent. Its arms are tucked close to its body. At night it unfolds. It stretches its banded arms into the water. Stillness is safety. Motion is risk.
The arms are long and slender. They are capable of spanning fifteen centimetres. They are flexible. They coil around rocks and kelp stalks. When the brittle star moves the arms writhe like snakes. The disc is small. Only one to two centimetres across. But the arms keep going. They search for food. Proportion is skewed. Reach is extensive.
When threatened the arms break. This is a defence mechanism. A brittle star that is grabbed by a predator will shed the captured arm. It leaves the arm writhing in the attacker's grasp. The rest of the animal escapes. The arm regenerates within weeks. It is a costly defence. But it works. Sacrifice ensures survival. Loss is temporary. Regrowth is certain.
Rocky reefs and kelp forests provide its preferred habitat. The banded brittle star lives from the low tide mark down to fifty metres depth. It occurs on reefs in harbours and in estuaries. It is most common in areas with complex rocky structure. These are the kinds of places with plenty of crevices to hide in. It is a common sight for night divers. Complexity offers shelter. Simplicity offers exposure.
The Māori name Pēwhā refers to its sinuous snake-like movement. The arms twist and coil. They move with a grace that seems impossible for an animal with no obvious muscles. It is a fitting name for a creature that seems to flow rather than crawl. Language captures motion. Name reflects form.
Climate change may affect it indirectly. Warming waters and ocean acidification may impact the planktonic larvae that drift before settling. The banded brittle star is resilient. But it has limits. For now it remains common on rocky reefs. It hides under rocks during the day. It unfurls its banded arms at night. Resilience is tested. Limits are unknown.