king crab of the deep cold southern seafloor
- Size
- Length: 40–80 cm, Weight: 1–5 kg
- Lifespan
- 15–25 years
- Diet
- Small crustaceans, worms and carrion. Uses strong claws to crush shells. Scavenges on dead fish and other marine animals. Hunts small prey by ambush. Feeds most actively at night on the deep seafloor environment.
- Habitat
- Deep continental slopes and seamounts between 200 and 1,000 metres depth. Prefers cold, stable waters with rocky or muddy bottoms. Often found near hydrothermal vents and submarine canyons. Hides in crevices during day.
- Range
- Deep waters around New Zealand from Northland to Campbell Plateau. Most common on Chatham Rise and around subantarctic islands. Different species have different geographic ranges. Also found in Southern Ocean waters globally.
- Endemism
- Native
- Main Threats
- Bycatch in deep-sea trawl and longline fisheries is primary threat. Habitat damage from bottom trawling on seamounts poses risk. Slow reproduction makes populations vulnerable. No targeted commercial fishery in New Zealand for these deep-water king crab species.
- Population
- Population trends poorly understood due to deep-water habitat. Several different king crab species live in New Zealand waters, each with different geographic ranges and depth preferences. Caught as bycatch in target fisheries for orange roughy and oreo.
- Conservation Status
- Not Threatened
Legs. Long, spindly legs. That is what you notice first. King crabs are named for their large size and their resemblance to the famous Alaskan king crab. Several different species live in New Zealand's deep waters. They range from the North Island to the subantarctic islands. They have long, spindly legs and a relatively small body. This mirrors their spider crab relatives. A small body on long legs. That is the design. Form follows function. Structure dictates movement.
Unlike true crabs, king crabs have a lopsided appearance. One claw is larger than the other. The right claw is usually larger. It is used for crushing. The left claw is smaller. It is used for cutting. This is a specialised toolkit. It is asymmetrical. It is efficient. Balance is not required. Utility is paramount. The crab does not care about symmetry. It cares about survival.
They live in the cold, dark waters of the deep sea. Humans rarely see them. The fisheries that target them operate in remote waters. These areas are far from shore. Heavy pots sit on the seafloor for days. The crabs crawl in. They look for bait. They do not crawl out. Entrapment is final. Escape is impossible. The pot is a trap. The bait is a lure. The result is predictable.
The Māori name is not recorded. They live too deep for traditional fishing. The people who came before never saw them. They are a modern discovery. They are a deep-sea resource. They are creatures of the cold, dark water. History is silent. Science is recent. The crab remains unknown to tradition. It is known only to the deep. Observation was impossible. Explanation is new.
Populations are poorly understood. That phrase appears again. The deep sea is vast. It is expensive to study. King crabs are caught in deep-sea trawl and pot fisheries. Stock assessments are limited. Slow growth and low reproduction make them vulnerable. A king crab takes years to reach breeding size. Remove too many and the population takes decades to recover. Time is not on their side. Patience is required. Depletion is easy. Recovery is hard.
The flesh is sweet and firm. It is prized by those who can afford it. White meat. Delicate flavour. The legs are the prize. The body is mostly shell. Value is subjective. Utility is low for the body. High for the legs. The market decides. The consumer pays. The crab dies.
That is the king crab. Long-legged. Lopsided. Living in the dark. A crab that looks like a spider. It tastes like luxury. It asks us to be careful. Caution is wise. Respect is due. The deep holds secrets. The crab is one of them. It hides in the cold. It waits in the dark. It grows slowly. It reproduces rarely. It is caught occasionally. It is eaten selectively. No one told it otherwise. It carries on. The pot sits. The bait waits. The crab crawls. The cycle continues. The ocean demands patience. The king crab provides it. Or it does not. The choice is human. The consequence is ecological.