strikes from the dark

Size
Length: 5–8 cm
Lifespan
2–4 years
Diet
Carnivorous. Ambush predator of small fish and crustaceans using spiked claws.
Habitat
Sandy and muddy bottoms in shallow coastal waters. Digs U-shaped burrows.
Range
North Island harbours and estuaries. Common in Waitematā and Manukau.
Endemism
Endemic
Main Threats
Habitat destruction from dredging and predation by fish and birds.
Population
Stable in suitable soft-sediment habitats. Resilient to disturbance.
Conservation Status
data_deficient
Human Risk
caution
Handling Note
raptorial claws can deliver a painful pinch if handled
Conservation Note
Marine crustacean outside the scope of current NZTCS terrestrial and freshwater assessments.
Te Ao Māori
Mantis shrimps are known in some Pacific cultures for their fighting prowess. In New Zealand, they are less culturally prominent but respected by fishermen who encounter them in nets. Their vibrant colours and aggressive behaviour make them memorable encounters.
It strikes from the dark. The Five-Toothed mantis shrimp waits in a burrow, eyes scanning the entrance. When prey passes, it extends its raptorial appendages with explosive speed. The strike is over before the victim registers movement. It is an ambush predator of high efficiency. Habitat is soft sediment. It digs U-shaped burrows in sand or mud. The burrow provides protection from predators and strong currents. The entrance is often marked by a small mound of excavated material. The shrimp maintains the structure diligently. Found in harbours and estuaries around the North Island. It tolerates variable salinity and temperature. This adaptability allows it to thrive in disturbed environments. It is common in the Waitematā and Manukau harbours. Diet consists of small fish and crustaceans. It does not chase. It waits. The raptorial claws are spiked, designed to impale soft-bodied prey. The five teeth on the carapace give it its name. They are structural, not functional for feeding. Threats are minimal. Predation by fish and birds occurs. Habitat destruction from dredging removes burrows. The shrimp relocates if possible. If not, it perishes. It is resilient but not invincible.