visits the southern summer coasts
- Size
- Length: 16-18 cm, Weight: 30-45 g
- Lifespan
- 10-15 years
- Diet
- Carnivorous - feeds on small crustaceans, fish, and squid. Forages by pattering on the water's surface. Often follows ships and whales to scavenge scraps.
- Habitat
- Open ocean and pelagic waters. Breeds on Antarctic coastal cliffs and ice-free headlands. Nests in crevices or burrows among rocks.
- Range
- Breeds on Antarctica and subantarctic islands. Winters at sea in tropical and temperate oceans worldwide. In New Zealand, a common visitor to coastal waters during southern summer.
- Endemism
- Visitor
- Main Threats
- Climate change affecting Antarctic breeding habitat and prey distribution. Light pollution disorienting fledglings near coastal towns. Pollution including plastic and chemical contaminants at sea.
- Population
- Global population estimated at 10-20 million birds. In New Zealand, a common visitor to offshore waters, most frequently seen from the South Island coast during summer.
- Conservation Status
- data_deficient
- Human Risk
- harmless
- Handling Note
- seabird, do not approach or disturb on nesting grounds
- Conservation Note
- Rare vagrant storm petrel; not assessed for conservation status in New Zealand.
- Te Ao Māori
- Wilson's storm petrel has no recognised Māori name. It is a regular visitor from Antarctica. Storm petrels collectively were known to Māori as takahikare. This means dancing feet. It references their pattering walk across the water's surface. These birds were seen as messengers of Tangaroa, god of the sea. Appearance signalled changes in weather. Connection is elemental. The bird embodies the ocean's mood. Observation yields insight. Respect is maintained. Tradition honours the messenger.
One of the most abundant seabirds on the planet is also one of the smallest. Wilson's storm petrel is a tiny, dark bird. A square tail defines its silhouette. Bright yellow webs sit between its toes. Breeding happens on the coast of Antarctica. Crevices among the rocks provide shelter. The rest of its life is spent at sea. It rides the wind. It patters on the waves. It is a bird of the storm and the swell. Existence is maritime. Land is an interruption.
Plumage is dark grey-brown above. A pale rump contrasts with the dark back. A white band crosses the upper tail. Underparts are dark. The bird is small. It is barely larger than a sparrow. Size is deceptive. The yellow feet are the giveaway. They are visible when it patters across the water. Identification relies on this detail. Observation requires attention. The contrast between dark body and bright feet is sharp. It aids recognition in poor light.
Feeding involves small crustaceans, fish, and squid. Pattering across the surface is the method. Feet tap rhythmically. Wings are held up high. A storm petrel in feeding mode looks like it is walking on water. It does not dive. Swimming is not a strong suit. Surface seizure is the strategy. Efficiency matters more than depth. The ocean provides what is accessible. Hunger drives the motion. The bird follows ships and whales to scavenge scraps. Opportunism supplements hunting.
Flight is fluttery and bat-like. Rapid wingbeats drive movement. Sudden banks change direction. A Wilson's storm petrel in a storm is in its element. It rides the wind. It tilts from one gust to the next. Chaos is comfort. Stability is boredom. The bird thrives in turbulence. This is an adaptation. It works. Calm seas offer little purchase for this style of locomotion. The bird waits for the wind.
Breeding takes the species to Antarctica. The nest is a crevice among rocks or a shallow burrow in ice-free ground. A single white egg arrives. Both parents share incubation duties. The chick is fed on regurgitated crustacean oil. Fledging happens in about two months. Growth is slow. Patience is required. Survival is marginal. The investment is high for a single offspring. Success depends on parental consistency.
Wilson's storm petrel is the most abundant storm petrel in the world. Millions breed on the Antarctic continent and surrounding islands. The population is vast. Numbers are impressive. Distribution is global. In New Zealand waters, these birds are common visitors during the southern summer. They are most frequently seen from the South Island coast. Presence occurs from October to April. Seasonality is predictable. Migration is routine. The journey is long but habitual.
The call is a soft, purring chatter. It is heard only at the colony. At sea, the bird is silent. Noise is confined to land. Silence dominates the ocean. The contrast is sharp. Auditory presence is limited to breeding grounds. Elsewhere, the bird is a visual spectacle only.
Alexander Wilson gave the bird its name. He is known as the father of American ornithology. He never saw this bird in the wild. Description came from specimens collected during his travels. History is embedded in nomenclature. Names carry weight. Distance is irrelevant to legacy. The yellow webs between the toes are a useful adaptation. They help the bird pat on the water without sinking. Function follows form. Physics is respected. Wilson's storm petrel is a bird of the storm and the swell. It comes to land only to breed. Then it returns to the sea. Land is transient. The sea is permanent. The bird carries on. No one told it otherwise.