hochstetter's frog hiding in cold mountain stream banks

Size
Length: 3–5 cm
Lifespan
30–40 years
Diet
Small insects, spiders, mites, and other terrestrial invertebrates. Uses a lunging motion rather than a tongue-flip to catch prey.
Habitat
The damp, shaded margins of clean forest streams and seepages across the upper North Island. They are the mud-dwellers, hiding under rocks and logs in the spray zone where the earth is perpetually saturated.
Range
Upper North Island — from Northland to the Coromandel Peninsula, and inland to the East Cape. Found in damp forest streams and seepages.
Endemism
Endemic
Main Threats
Sedimentation from logging and roadworks, didymo (rock snot) blooms, habitat fragmentation, predation by rats and pigs, water quality degradation.
Population
While more common than their island cousins, they are highly sensitive to siltation, didymo (rock snot), and the predatory whims of rats and pigs. Populations are declining in areas with degraded water quality or habitat fragmentation.
Conservation Status
At Risk - Declining
The name Hochstetter does not immediately suggest a rare amphibian. It suggests Major Wolfgang Hochstetter of the Gestapo, storming into Stalag 13 with a leather trench coat and enough fury to power a small city. He was always five minutes away from cracking the Allied sabotage ring. He was always screaming. He always left with nothing. Our native frog carries a similar energy. It has an authoritative, Germanic name. It wears the permanent scowl of a creature annoyed at being discovered. Meanwhile, the rest of the New Zealand bush is basically Sergeant Schultz. It quietly watches the human circus unfold. It insists it sees nothing. It knows nothing. We try to find a frog that looks exactly like a piece of mud. Leiopelma hochstetteri is a rebel. Most frogs are famous for powerful back legs and Olympic-level jumping. The Hochstetter's prefers a frantic, uncoordinated crawl. They are the only New Zealand native frogs that are semi-aquatic. Partially webbed back feet help them navigate the slippery rocks of a stream bed. True to the primitive New Zealand frog blueprint, they do not have a tadpole stage. Eggs are laid in damp crevices near the water. The young emerge as fully formed, miniature versions of the Major himself. They are incredibly long-lived. They potentially reach 30 or 40 years of age. That is a long time to sit under a wet rock being furious at the world. What makes the Hochstetter's Frog truly unique is its skeletal structure. Extra ribs are embedded in their belly muscles. This floating ribcage suggests they have not quite finished evolving away from their salamander-like ancestors. They lack a proper tongue-flipping mechanism. Instead, they lunge forward with their entire head to grab a fly or a beetle. It resembles a tiny, angry man trying to win a pie-eating contest without using his hands. They are nocturnal hunters. Large, sensitive eyes navigate the pitch-black forest floor. Yet they lack eardrums. They hear the approach of a predator through the vibrations of the mud against their skin. Protecting the Hochstetter's is a battle against the blur. Because they look so much like the environment they live in, they are often accidentally crushed by trampers. They are smothered by the silt runoff from nearby logging or roadworks. They require clean mud. This is a paradox that only a New Zealand conservationist truly understands. They are the frontline defenders of our waterways. They are the tiny majors of the creek bed. They are convinced they are in charge of a world that is steadily closing in on their wet, rocky borders. Whether they are cracking the case or just trying to find a decent cricket, the Hochstetter's Frog remains one of our most charismatic, if slightly irritable, national treasures.